Blockchain (a type of distributed ledger) is designed as a distributed, tamper-resistant, and transparent  data structure with no...

Scope and Objectives of PSD2 vs. MiCA PSD2 – Payment Services Directive (2015) : PSD2 provides the core legal framework for retail...

Introduction and Official Source The Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act of 2025 , commonly known as...

ESMA’s new guidelines stem directly from Article 92(3) of MiCA, which obliges the authority to harmonise how national competent...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being integrated into arbitration as a tool to enhance efficiency and decision-making. In broad terms, AI...

The Guidelines apply to competent authorities, financial market participants, and any individual or entity engaged in crypto-asset...

The Commission Guidelines on prohibited artificial intelligence practices established by Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act)  (“the...

The European Commission (the ‘Commission’) issued the Guidelines on the definition of an artificial intelligence system under Regulation...

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) promises financial services without traditional intermediaries – but this very decentralization creates...

The EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) came into full effect on 30 December 2024 , following its initial entry into force on...

The Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) has initiated a preliminary assessment phase for Crypto-Asset Service Providers...

The European Union's AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) introduces a legal framework to regulate artificial intelligence systems across...

The Regulation on Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCAR) is set to reach a significant milestone on 30 June 2024, with the provisions...

How do electronic money (e-money) and electronic money tokens (EMTs) differ, and what are the regulatory frameworks governing them within...

The European Union has enacted a regulation on artificial intelligence (AI) designed to stimulate innovation, ensure the trustworthiness...

The EDPS has issued Orientations on generative AI and personal data protection to provide guidance to EU institutions, bodies, offices,...

A web3 venture involves following a complex set of crypto-marketing rules globally. Founders are often not fully prepared for the...

The European Union (EU) has enacted the AI Act, a comprehensive regulation governing artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Council of...

Introduction to SAFT The Simple Agreement for Future Tokens (SAFT) is a contractual mechanism designed for the issuance of digital tokens...

In March 2024, the UK's financial watchdog, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) issued a press release, which is giving out new...