On 9 April 2026, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) published Guidance 02/2026 on digital fraud risks for banks and persons authorised under Article 1b of the Banking Act (FinTech licensees). The guidance is published in final form and takes effect immediately upon publication; it does not create new binding legal obligations but clarifies FINMA's supervisory expectations regarding operational and reputational risks arising from digital fraud. The contro

On 3 March 2026, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) published its Targeted Report on Stablecoins and Unhosted Wallets — Peer-to-Peer Transactions. The report is in final, published form and does not require transposition or domestic implementing legislation; it constitutes FATF guidance addressed to member jurisdictions and the private sector on a voluntary-compliance basis, though FATF standards carry strong normative weight in national regulatory reform. The controlling

On April 13, 2026, the Staff of the Division of Trading and Markets of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a staff statement setting out its views on when persons that create, offer, or operate certain user interfaces — described as "Covered User Interfaces" — for crypto asset securities transactions must register as broker-dealers under Section 15(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The statement takes effect immediately and, absent intervening Co

On April 7, 2026, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Board of Directors approved a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) that would implement prudential requirements and standards for FDIC-supervised permitted payment stablecoin issuers under the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act (GENIUS Act). The NPRM is at the proposed stage; comments will be accepted for 60 days following publication in the Federal Register. The proposed rul

In March 2026, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) published its FCA Perimeter Report, which sets out areas where the FCA considers legislative change is needed to expand or clarify its regulatory remit. The report is a current-state document, not a final rule. It identifies three items directly relevant to crypto-assets, AI payments, and prediction markets. All three items are at the pre-legislative stage and require action by HM Treasury or Parliament to take effect. The

On April 13, 2026, the Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) issued a Notice of Intention outlining planned amendments to the Minimum Competency Code 2017 (MCC) to incorporate knowledge and competence requirements for staff at Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs). The amendments implement the ESMA MiCA Guidelines on knowledge and competence published in January 2026. The MCC amendments are proposed and will take effect on 28 July 2026, the same date as the ESMA MiCA Guidelines' app

On April 7, 2026, the Turkish Competition Authority (Rekabet Kurumu, "TCA") announced a comprehensive sector inquiry into the artificial intelligence ecosystem. The Competition Board initiated the inquiry under Article 43 et seq. of Law No. 4054 on the Protection of Competition, which authorizes sector inquiries into industries where competitive conditions may be impaired. No investigation has been opened against specific undertakings, and no findings have been published at t

On April 15, 2026, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) published a guidance document titled "Agentic Artificial Intelligence (Agentic AI)" on its official website. The document is not a binding regulation under Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data, but represents the DPA's formal position on how existing data protection obligations apply to agentic AI systems. The publication has no prior consultation period and constitutes soft-law guidance curre

On March 18, 2026, the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT), the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), and the Intellectual Property Office (IPO) jointly published a Report on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, together with an accompanying Impact Assessment. The Report was published as a policy paper under Sections 135 and 136 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, which mandated government analysis of the use of copyright works in AI dev

On July 18, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act (GENIUS Act) into law. The GENIUS Act is federal legislation that establishes, for the first time, a comprehensive national regulatory framework for payment stablecoins — digital assets denominated in U.S. dollars and designed for payment or settlement purposes. The Act had passed the Senate Banking Committee in March 2025 with bipartisan support and pa

On March 12, 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission published an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) in the Federal Register seeking public comment on whether to amend or issue new regulations governing event contracts traded on prediction markets. The ANPRM was initiated by Chairman Michael S. Selig and represents the CFTC's formal commencement of a potential rulemaking process under the Commodity Exchange Act. The comment period is set at 45 days from pub

On April 2, 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission filed complaints in federal court against Arizona, Connecticut, and Illinois, seeking declaratory judgments that federal law grants the CFTC exclusive authority to regulate event contracts and requesting permanent injunctions preventing those states from enforcing state laws against CFTC-registered Designated Contract Markets (DCMs). On April 10, 2026, the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona granted a Temp

On March 24, 2026, Commodity Futures Trading Commission Chairman Michael S. Selig announced the formation of the Innovation Task Force (ITF), a new internal body dedicated to developing regulatory clarity for three sectors: crypto assets and blockchain technologies, artificial intelligence and autonomous systems, and prediction markets and event contracts. On April 10, 2026, Chairman Selig announced the ITF's initial staff members. The ITF operates in an advisory and coordina

On February 5, 2026, the next phase of the UK Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA) commenced, bringing into force most remaining data protection provisions of the Act. The commencement was confirmed by the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) in a formal statement. The only provisions not yet commenced as of that date are the requirement for organisations to have a complaints procedure (due June 19, 2026) and certain ICO governance provisions at a later date. The comme

On March 20, 2026, the CFTC's Market Participants Division and Division of Clearing and Risk jointly published responses to frequently asked questions covering registrant and registered entity activities related to crypto assets and blockchain technologies. The FAQ document is effective as of the date of publication. It is non-rulemaking staff guidance that clarifies two prior CFTC staff letters: Staff Letter 25-39 (Tokenized Collateral Guidance) and Staff Letter 26-05 (Staff

On February 3, 2026, the UK Information Commissioner's Office opened formal investigations into X Internet Unlimited Company and X.AI LLC covering their processing of personal data in relation to the Grok AI system. The investigations follow reports that Grok was used to generate non-consensual sexual imagery, including of children. The action is at the investigation stage; no enforcement notice or fine has been issued. The ICO will not comment further while the investigatio

On February 26, 2026, the European Securities and Markets Authority published a supervisory briefing titled "Supervisory briefing on algorithmic trading in the EU," reference ESMA74-1505669079-10311. This document is directed at national competent authorities to promote consistent supervisory practices across EU member states. It addresses algorithmic trading under MiFID II and covers the emerging application of artificial intelligence in trading systems. It is effective as o

On April 2, 2026, the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) and the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (CIRO) jointly issued a public statement reminding industry participants and investors of the applicable legal requirements governing prediction markets and event contracts in Canada. The statement is at the compliance-reminder stage; no new rules were promulgated on that date. The CSA and CIRO confirmed ongoing monitoring of rapidly expanding prediction market a

On March 17, 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission jointly issued a formal interpretation clarifying how federal securities and commodity laws apply to crypto assets. The action is final and effective as of the date of publication and will be published in the Federal Register. The interpretation does not constitute rulemaking but carries binding guidance weight as both agencies commit to administering their respective statut

In January 2026, economists at the Federal Reserve Board published Finance and Economics Discussion Series (FEDS) Working Paper No. 2026-002, titled "A Framework for Understanding the Vulnerabilities of New Money-Like Products." The paper is authored by Kenechukwu Anadu, Patrick McCabe, JP Perez-Sangimino, and Nathan Swem of the Federal Reserve Board's staff. It is a staff working paper and does not represent the official policy position of the Federal Reserve Board or its me